小麦耐盐变异体的筛选Ⅱ．小麦耐盐细胞系的筛选及生理生化特性的分析

将诱导出的胚性愈伤组织采用：①逐级提高盐浓度进行胁迫筛选;②直接转入高浓度胁迫筛选;③先用羟脯氨酸（Ｈｙｐ）筛选后再转入高浓度盐中进行胁迫筛选,结果表明三种筛选方法其效果为③＞②＞①,即先用Ｈｙｐ筛选再进一步盐胁迫筛选效果最好。并对选出的耐盐细胞进行了生长量测定和生理生化特性的研究,表明耐盐细胞系脯氨酸含量不仅稳定,而且远高于对照,Ｋ￣＋／Ｎａ￣＋也大于对照,ＳＯＤ活性增加,小分子ＳＯＤ含量增加,本文并对有关问题进行了讨论。     

山黧豆胚胎发育过程中ODAP和一些大分子物质含量的变化

应用微量分析方法检测了山黧豆胚胎发育过程中ODAP毒素含量和核酸、蛋白质、糖类等大分子物质的含量变化。结果表明:每粒种子的ODAP含量随着胚的发育而增加。每粒种子DNA量随着细胞的迅速分裂而增加,R、蛋白质、淀粉含量随着胚的发育而成倍地增加,当进入心形胚时这些物质的增加更为迅速。如以每克干重中的含量来表示,那么ODAP、DNA及可溶性糖含量则随胚的发育而下降,其它大分子物质含量在胚发育前期升高,进入心形胚时,这些物质达到最高峰;到鱼雷胚时,这些物质含量开始下降,直到胚基本分化完全时,降到最低点;只有酸性蛋白质含量一直保持增长。     

烟草组织培养形态发生过程中糖类代谢的研究

烟草叶组织培养中糖类及淀粉含量的变化基本上可分为四个阶段:1、在细胞脱分化期间,各种糖类的含量均下降,淀粉含量也较低;2、细胞分化阶段,糖类含量显著升高,特别是淀粉含量随着芽原基的形成和芽的生长而急剧上升;3、在芽分化完成后,糖类及淀扮含量趋于稳定;4、在根形成之前,各种糖的含量又有回升的趋势。在细胞分化和器官形成过程中,蔗糖转化酶活性较高,特别是酸性转化酶活性比碱性转化酶活性平均高10倍。淀粉水解酶的活性变化也很明显,其中β—淀粉酶的活性在大多数情况下较α—淀粉酶高,而且变化幅度也大。     

Behavioral and Neurogenomic Responses to Acoustic and Visual Sexual Cues are Correlated in Female Torrent Frogs

Diverse a nimal species use multimodal communica tion signals to coordina te reproductive behavior.Despite active research in this field,the brain mechanisms underlying multimodal communication remain poorly understood.Similar to humans and many mammalian species,anurans often produce auditory signals accompanied by conspicuous visual cues(e.g.,vocal sac inflation).In this study,we used video playbacks to determine the role of vocal-sac inflation in little torrent frogs(Amolops torrentis).Then we exposed females to blank,visual,auditory,and audiovisual stimuli and analyzed whole brain tissue gene expression changes using RNAseq.The results showed that both auditory cues(i.e.,male advertisement calls)and visual cues were attractive to female frogs,although auditory cues were more attractive than visual cues.Females preferred simultaneous bimodal cues to unimodal cues.The hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes showed a close relationship between neurogenomic states and momentarily expressed sexual signals.We also found that the Gene Ontology terms and KEGG pathways involved in energy metabolism were mostly increased in blank contrast versus visual,acoustic,or audiovisual stimuli,indicating that brain energy use may play an important role in response to these stimuli.In sum,behavioral and neurogenomic responses to acoustic and visual cues are correlated in female little torrent frogs.     

Zacopride selectively activates the Kir2.1 channel via a PKA signaling pathway in rat cardiomyocytes

We recently reported that zacopride is a selective inward rectifier potassium current (IK1 ) channel agonist, suppressing ventricular arrhythmias without affecting atrial arrhythmias. The present study aimed to investigate the unique pharmacological properties of zacopride. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to study IK1 currents in rat atrial myocytes and Kir2.x currents in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells transfected with inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir)2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, or mutated Kir2.1 (at phosphorylation site S425L). Western immunoblots were performed to estimate the relative protein expression levels of Kir2.x in rat atria and ventricles. Results showed that zacopride did not affect the IK1 and transmembrane potential of atrial myocytes. In HEK293 cells, zacopride increased Kir2.1 homomeric channels by 40.7%±9.7% at 50 mV, but did not affect Kir2.2 and Kir2.3 homomeric channels, and Kir2.1-Kir2.2, Kir2.1-Kir2.3 and Kir2.2-Kir2.3 heteromeric channels. Western immunoblots showed that similar levels of Kir2.3 protein were expressed in rat atria and ventricles, but atrial Kir2.1 protein level was only 25% of that measured in the ventricle. In addition, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 3 receptor was undetectable, whereas 5-HT 4 receptor was weakly expressed in HEK293 cells. The Kir2.1-activating effect of zacopride in these cells was abolished by inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA), but not PKC or PKG. Furthermore, zacopride did not activate the mutant Kir2.1 channel in HEK293 cells but selectively activated the Kir2.1 homomeric channel via a PKA-dependent pathway, independent to that of the 5-HT receptor.     

多重示踪技术在植物学研究中的应用

简要阐述了多重示踪技术在植物学研究中的应用，主要内容有多重示踪剂的制备和分离，检测植物对金属离子的吸收和在体内的分布状况，以及在植物体细胞胚发生中对金属离子吸收的动态变化。